{"id":16697,"date":"2023-02-28T08:00:29","date_gmt":"2023-02-28T13:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aurora-institute.org\/?post_type=cw_post&p=16697"},"modified":"2023-04-03T17:53:11","modified_gmt":"2023-04-03T21:53:11","slug":"cbe-starter-pack-7-establish-rigorous-common-expectations-with-meaningful-competencies","status":"publish","type":"cw_post","link":"https:\/\/aurora-institute.org\/cw_post\/cbe-starter-pack-7-establish-rigorous-common-expectations-with-meaningful-competencies\/","title":{"rendered":"CBE Starter Pack 7: Establish Rigorous, Common Expectations with Meaningful Competencies"},"content":{"rendered":"
When educators begin to explore competency-based education (CBE), the <\/span><\/i>CompetencyWorks Initiative<\/span><\/i><\/a> is a key place to start, but it can be overwhelming to take it all in. This post on meaningful competencies is the final of a series of \u201c<\/span><\/i>CBE Starter Packs<\/span><\/i><\/a>” focused on each of the seven elements of the Aurora Institute\u2019s <\/span><\/i>2019 CBE Definition<\/span><\/i><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n Meaningful competencies, CBE Definition Element 7, guide the purpose of all of our efforts to support learners. This post begins by articulating the role of competencies in a CBE system and the way competencies can connect to a vision for student learning. Next, I outline key design decisions for creating competencies and provide examples that illustrate these decision choices. Like all of the Starter Pack posts, this post suggests indicators for the student experience and system structures and policies. Finally, I close with resources for learning more and getting started. <\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Meaningful competencies form the foundation \u2013 and set the ultimate destination \u2013 in a CBE system. In the definition we talk about meaningful competencies to establish rigorous, common expectations. In practice, the language to name competencies varies from place to place. Some examples of other terms include shared learning goals, deeper learning goals, attainments, critical skills, and habits of success. What is important is that the competencies are known to learners. <\/span><\/p>\n Competency-based education systems raise the bar in two ways. First, they expand the definition of student success to include the higher-order skills and dispositions needed to transfer and apply knowledge to novel situations. Second, they expect that all students will meet this bar. CBE Definition Elements 1-6 support designing a learning environment that can ensure all students can demonstrate the competencies at an expected high level. Element 7 focuses on how CBE expands the definition of student success.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n CBE Quality Principles<\/span><\/a> 10 (Seek Intentionality and Alignment) and 12 (Maximize Transparency) highlight the idea of a \u201ccommon learning framework\u201d that clarifies what is expected for students to know and do at each performance level or grade level. The common learning framework is transparent to all. Students (and their families) know where they are on their learner continuum, their progress and growth. Teachers build a shared understanding of what student proficiency looks like, align instruction and assessment to the appropriate level of cognitive rigor, and share knowledge of instructional strategies.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n The competencies or common learning framework are the structure to which all other aspects of competency-based systems align. That system aims to balance flexibility for students with different strengths, interests, and aspirations to learn along multiple pathways. The system maintains a rigorous commitment to ensuring all pathways and all demonstrations of student mastery reflect the competencies that define success.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n CBE emphasizes a shift to higher-level competencies that include transferable skills and dispositions in addition to academic knowledge and skills. As such, the potential value of beginning from a shared vision is two-fold: 1) competencies demand rigorous, deeper learning instruction and assessment, and 2) competencies can reinforce a sense of purpose and make connections for students about why it is important to reach proficiency on standards.<\/span><\/p>\n Developing a profile of the graduate (also known as portrait of a graduate, vision of the graduate, learner profile, etc.) through an inclusive process offers a promising entry point for defining a shared vision of learner success. A shared vision can build understanding and transparency about the purpose and value of CBE.<\/span><\/p>\n Through community dialogues about what stakeholders want for their learners, states, districts, or schools can define well-rounded competencies that all students will demonstrate by graduation. The following considerations support creating an effective process to develop a shared vision of what students need to know and be able to do for future success.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Expanded definitions of success are particularly important for students who have been historically marginalized and who are likely to encounter discriminatory barriers and other challenges in their lives because of their race, ethnicity, disability or where they were born. Lifelong learning skills and positive cultural identity empower all students to navigate through and around barriers, self-advocate, and effect positive change in their lives and communities.<\/span><\/p>\n Many different approaches to the technical aspects of designing competency frameworks can feel overwhelming. While CBE is not one-size-fits-all and asks communities to own their vision for learners, it is also not necessary to start from scratch on your competency framework. It can also be helpful to work with an experienced technical assistance provider whether you choose to design from the ground up or to adapt existing frameworks to align with your local vision. This section outlines a few key dimensions along which competency frameworks can vary. While there is not necessarily a \u201cright\u201d or \u201cwrong\u201d approach, it\u2019s good to consider the implications of different design decisions.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n We discussed the value of starting from a shared vision in the prior section. In early stage competency-based schools, another approach has been to start from grade-level state standards and identify \u201cpower standards\u201d that spiral from grade to grade or within a discipline. Starting from the big picture may make it easier to get beyond the siloed nature of organizing the curriculum by discipline to a more interdisciplinary and integrated curriculum that is more reflective of the world beyond school. On the other hand, it can feel like a much bigger conceptual shift from grade-level, disciplinary standards.<\/span><\/p>\n The relationship between competencies and state standards often comes up throughout the design and implementation process. A helpful analogy can be to think of the state standards as the disciplinary skills and content vehicle by which students develop competencies — i.e., the higher-order thinking skills that transfer across contexts and disciplines. The reDesign post, <\/span>What IS the difference between competencies and standards?<\/span><\/a>, and <\/span>the chart in South Carolina\u2019s FAQ 8<\/span><\/a> can be helpful in thinking about this relationship. In the field, there is a range of practice from using a competency framework as the primary source of learning goals to using a set of competencies side by side with the standards.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Some systems have one set of competencies that include both academic and dispositional skills. <\/span>Profile of the South Carolina Graduate (PSCG) Competencies<\/span><\/a> and <\/span>Building 21 Competency Framework<\/span><\/a> are examples of integrated competency frameworks.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Other systems have a set of competencies focused on social-emotional skills and dispositions that work in tandem with academic competencies or simply the state standards. The Chicago Public Schools CBE pilot cohort takes this approach with a set of <\/span>adaptive competencies<\/span><\/a>. Schools designed from the <\/span>Coalition of Essential Schools principles<\/span><\/a> often call these competencies \u201chabits of success.\u201d The Vermont Agency of Education\u2019s <\/span>Proficiency-Based Graduation Requirements<\/span><\/a> page and the <\/span>Rhode Island Learning Champions<\/span><\/a> are examples that include academic content areas (e.g., math, English, science) as well as for transferable skills that cross content areas (e.g., effective communication, creative and practical problem-solving).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n A related design element is the extent to which a competency framework focuses on the interdisciplinary and cross-cutting nature of transferable skills or remains organized by discipline. The South Carolina \u201cReading Critically\u201d competency could be addressed within an English language arts (ELA) curriculum and also in any number of other content areas. The Building 21 competency framework situates the \u201cRead Critically\u201d competency within the ELA Core Content Domain. It is worth noting that reflection and revision is a part of the process, and that Building 21 is <\/span>exploring new ways to organize its competencies in an increasingly interdisciplinary way<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nMeaningful Competencies Form the Foundation in CBE<\/span><\/h2>\n
Drawing from a Shared Vision of Learner Success<\/span><\/h3>\n
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Translating the Vision into a Competency Framework<\/span><\/h3>\n
Starting from the Big Picture Vision or from the Standards<\/span><\/h4>\n
Designing an Integrated Competency Framework or Complementary Academic and Adaptive Competency Frameworks<\/span><\/h4>\n