{"id":5224,"date":"2018-12-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-12-18T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/aurora-institute.org\/blog\/cw_post\/insights-from-aotearoa-new-zealand-ncea\/"},"modified":"2020-02-05T13:07:04","modified_gmt":"2020-02-05T18:07:04","slug":"insights-from-aotearoa-new-zealand-ncea","status":"publish","type":"cw_post","link":"https:\/\/aurora-institute.org\/cw_post\/insights-from-aotearoa-new-zealand-ncea\/","title":{"rendered":"Insights from Aotearoa New Zealand: NCEA"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-19291 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/aurora-institute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/ncea-in-context.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"174\" height=\"248\" \/>This is the twelfth article in the series <\/span><\/i><b><i>Baskets of Knowledge from Aotearoa New Zealand<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which highlights insights from a totally different education system about what is possible in transforming our education system. Read the first article <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.competencyworks.org\/case-study\/snaps-from-aotearoa-new-zealand\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">here<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.If you are going to New Zealand, be sure to read <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nzcer.org.nz\/nzcerpress\/ncea-context\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NCEA in Context<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. There are other resources at <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nzqa.govt.nz\/ncea\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NZQA<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><\/i><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nzcer.org.nz\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NZCER <\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that will be valuable as well.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nzqa.govt.nz\/ncea\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National Certificate of Educational Achievement<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (NCEA) is not a high school diploma. It is a certificate of achievement that indicates the level of achievement that students have learned at their completion of school. NCEA certificates of achievement aren\u2019t received. They are earned. Time in the seat doesn\u2019t matter. What matters is demonstrating learning. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The NCEA is a very sophisticated system with intentional thought given to ensuring that it is meaningful to students, schools, and the tertiary system. I\u2019m going to do my best to translate the NCEA to our American education system by highlighting features of the system in bold. <\/span><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><b>Certifying Learning<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Students are expected to remain in school through Year 13 (the same as our twelfth grade), although students can leave school earlier with hopefully a Level 1 or Level 2 certificate in hand. NZ\u2019s Ministry of Education has policy goals to increase the number of students who complete all thirteen years, the number of students who receive certificates of achievement, and the levels of certificates of achievement earned. (Please note: The idea of extended graduation rates or multiple pathways in which students leave secondary school and can then return seemed foreign to nearly all of the educators I spoke with about it. Although they are organized around the idea that students are in different places on the continuum of learning, the idea of extending time hasn\u2019t accompanied it.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The certificate, managed by the <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nzqa.govt.nz\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">New Zealand Qualifications Authority,<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is part of the adult education and workforce development system. The Level of certificate opens different doors. \u00a0Young adults can continue to earn higher certificate levels in college or university, through technical programs, or in other training programs. (See <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.competencyworks.org\/?p=19268\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">previous article<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> about curricular and achievement levels.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is how NCEA works (from <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nzqa.govt.nz\/ncea\/understanding-ncea\/how-ncea-works\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NZQA website<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Each year, students study a number of courses or subjects.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In each subject, skills and knowledge are assessed against a number of standards. For example, a Mathematics<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nzqa.govt.nz\/ncea\/understanding-ncea\/how-ncea-works\/standards\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">standard<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> could be:<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Apply numeric reasoning in solving problems<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Schools use a range of internal and external<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nzqa.govt.nz\/ncea\/understanding-ncea\/how-ncea-works\/standards\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">assessments<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to measure how well students meet these standards.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When a student achieves a standard, they gain a number of credits. Students must achieve a certain number of credits to gain an NCEA certificate.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are three<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nzqa.govt.nz\/ncea\/understanding-ncea\/how-ncea-works\/ncea-levels-and-certificates\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">levels of NCEA certificate<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> depending on the difficulty of the standards achieved. In general, students work through levels 1 to 3 in years 11 to 13 at school.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Students are recognised for high achievement at each level by gaining NCEA with Merit or NCEA with Excellence. High achievement in a course is also recognised. For more information, read about<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nzqa.govt.nz\/ncea\/understanding-ncea\/how-ncea-works\/endorsements\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Endorsements<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s important to note that there is nothing inherent in this system that demands that the Levels be earned sequentially. Nor does it demand that courses be organized in single academic domains rather than interdisciplinary. Yet, most secondary schools across New Zealand have organized themselves so that students are in single domain courses, pursuing Level One in Year 11, Level Two in Year 12, and Level Three in Year 13. At least one school, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hpss.school.nz\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hobsonville Pt. Secondary School<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, is experimenting with skipping Level 1 altogether in order to extend the time that students can engage in deeper learning in interdisciplinary courses and to support them in building more robust understanding so that more can earn endorsements when they do start to take the assessments in Year 12. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Portability<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The levels of achievement and whether students have met university admissions requirements become part of a portable transcript called the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nzqa.govt.nz\/qualifications-standards\/results-2\/record-of-achievement\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Record of Achievement<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Whenever students enroll in university or training programs, they then continue their studies to achieve higher levels of achievement. Some students earn their Level 2 certificate while in post-secondary education. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Standards-Based<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The NCEA system is standards-based. It was designed to value all the different types of standards that students might want to develop. They didn\u2019t want to value or privilege engineering more than the arts or language or the trades. Standards for vocational pathways, learning Te Reo M\u0101ori (the M\u0101ori language), chemistry, or the arts are all assigned a number of credits based on an estimate of how long it takes to learn the standard. Thus, time-based credits still drive the system. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To earn Level 1, students must earn 80 credits at any level (Level 1, 2, or 3) including<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nzqa.govt.nz\/ncea\/subjects\/literacy-and-numeracy\/level-1-requirements\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">literacy and numeracy.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> To earn Level 2, students must earn 60 credits at Level 2 or above + 20 credits from any level. To earn Level 3, students must earn 60 credits at Level 3 or above + 20 credits from Level 2 or above. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are two types of standards:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unit standards are process standards that are considered competency-based in that students demonstrate they can apply the process in new contexts. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Achievement standards are taken from the <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/nzcurriculum.tki.org.nz\/The-New-Zealand-Curriculum\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">New Zealand Curriculum<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that was developed by the Ministry of Education. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Students can demonstrate their learning in either English or Te Reo M\u0101ori. It is the demonstration of the mastery of the specific standard that is important, not which of the national languages is used. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Students can select which standards they want to earn among 60 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nzqa.govt.nz\/ncea\/subjects\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">subjects included in the NCEA<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Compare this more student-centered approach to the high school graduation requirements in the U.S. that tend to provide few elective opportunities. However, there are two limits on student choice. First, schools influence this by which subjects and courses are offered with online learning helping to expand options. Second, there is a minimum requirement for <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nzqa.govt.nz\/qualifications-standards\/awards\/university-entrance\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">university admissions<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> requirements: <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Student Selected: 14 credits in each of three <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nzqa.govt.nz\/qualifications-standards\/awards\/university-entrance\/approved-subjects\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">approved subjects<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> at Level 3; <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literacy: 10 credits at Level 2 or above, made up of 5 credits in reading and 5 credits in writing; and, <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Numeracy: 10 credits at Level 1 or above, made up of achievement standards in a range of subjects; or all three numeracy unit standards <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nzqa.govt.nz\/ncea\/subjects\/literacy-and-numeracy\/literacy-and-numeracy-unit-standards\/clarifications\/unit-standard-26623\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">26623<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (solving problems with numbers), <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nzqa.govt.nz\/nqfdocs\/units\/pdf\/26626.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">26626<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (interpret statistical information for a purpose), and 26627 (use measurement to solve a problem).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is an example of how NZ has sought to form a seamless system that balances interests. Students have choices about what credits they might earn while also having transparency about the level of achievement that is needed to access the next step in their education. However, being able to apply to university isn\u2019t the same as being accepted. Let\u2019s move on to the system of endorsements. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Endorsements and a National Grading Policy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The A-F grading policy is a dominant feature of the U.S. education system. The A-F grades aren\u2019t just applied to student learning; in many states, schools are given grades. Teachers each have their own system of distributing points, and until state standards, the grading was entirely subjective. Children receive grades with little or no opportunity to revise. Thus, there is little benefit from grading beyond labeling, ranking, and sorting. Yet, we have seen community after community push back to changes in grading policies as schools shift toward personalized, competency-based education. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thus, it is hard to understand that New Zealand essentially has a national grading policy that has emerged from the NCEA system. At first, NCEA was designed to determine that students were either proficient or not. Over time, universities called for a system of endorsements to help them rank and sort students in the university admissions process. Thus a system of cut scores were created to determine where students are in their learning: Not Achieved; Achievement; Achievement with Merit; Achievement with Excellence. This has become the de facto grading policy in secondary schools across New Zealand. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We\u2019ve learned through experience, as New Zealand did, that it is very important to make sure that students have opportunity to excel. However there is a shadow side to this policy of credits and endorsements: stress and narrowing of understanding of achievement. Educators spoke about the stress that comes from the pressure to achieve the endorsements of merit and achievement. Students start to lose the sense of purpose that comes from intrinsically motivated and engaged learning and focus on counting credits and the points that come from the endorsements. From what I can tell, this is no difference from the top achieving students in American high schools checking their GPA daily and to several decimal points. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition, the focus on credits and endorsements can undermine the broader pedagogical approach outlined in the National Curricula (consisting of the the English-medium NZ Curriculum and the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/tmoa.tki.org.nz\/\">Te Marautanga o Aotearoa<\/a>).<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Although my focus was on modern schools rather than the traditional ones, several educators said that most of the higher income secondary schools were tremendously traditional. Teachers lecture, students study, and external assessments are taken at the end of each year. And the cycle starts again the coming fall. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s a tricky thing to balance. We want students to be able to excel and differentiate themselves while also wanting them to explore concepts deeply, take risks in their learning, and develop into young adults with character, ethics, and maturity. NCEA hasn\u2019t gotten this balance quite right yet and they know it. While I was there, the NCEA was under <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/conversation.education.govt.nz\/conversations\/ncea-have-your-say\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">review<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. One of the ideas that has been put forward is including that one project be completed with a focus on civic engagement or other aspects of life beyond school for every level of the NCEA. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>System of Assessments<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The saving grace of this system is within the moderated system of assessments. Assessments are designed for the higher level of Bloom\u2019s. To achieve the endorsements of Merit and Excellence, students have to demonstrate that they can transfer concepts and skills to challenging problems. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The NZQA manages two systems of assessments: internal and external. Internal assessments are designed by teachers around specific standards. Students can demonstrate their learning at any time and are able to revise until they reach the level of achievement that they seek. Teachers can be creative in how students demonstrate learning. One principal excitedly showed me a set of assessments using the medium of graphic novels in which students demonstrated their analysis of The Scarlet Letter. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s important to understand that the NZ education system values Overall Teacher Judgment (OTJ) using multiple sources of data to determine student progress and guide instruction. Internal assessment processes help to build the OTJ. Thus, the internal assessment policy is designed to also build and sustain instructional and assessment capacities within schools. The Ministry of Education offers <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/assessment.tki.org.nz\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">substantial resources on internal assessments<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">External assessments are designed and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nzqa.govt.nz\/assets\/qualifications-and-standards\/qualifications\/ncea\/NZQA-Examination-Marking-Process.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">managed <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">by the NZQA. Students take external assessments according to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nzqa.govt.nz\/ncea\/ncea-exams-and-portfolios\/external\/national-secondary-examinations-timetable\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">preset timetables<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that are reviewed by trained markers. In addition to the NZQA assessments, students can also choose to take international assessments such as <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibo.org\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IB<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> assessments or <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridgeinternational.org\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cambridge<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. There are some programs in university, such as engineering, that will only accept external assessments. This is another example of the tertiary sector influencing the NCEA and student experience by creating their own set of rules.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Two other things to know about the system of assessments: First, some subjects such as visual arts require a portfolio to be submitted to NZQA for assessment. Second, there are additional scholarship examinations that are externally assessed. Students earn monetary awards but the examinations do not earn credits. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This system of assessment only works because it is highly moderated. If there wasn\u2019t adequate moderation, the result would be that variability would reign as it does in the U.S. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Moderation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Not everything was as well designed when NCEA was first implemented. There were problems that were big enough to have caused a pushback of the policy such as we have recently seen in Maine. Instead of backing down as the Maine legislature did, NZ leadership stayed the course on its larger vision of restructuring education policy to create more empowered, responsive schools; transparent framework of learning objectives; and meaningful certificates of achievement. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of the big problems was that there were higher levels of variability in assessing achievement than expected. This could easily have been the downfall of the new policy. However, the NZQA quickly responded by building out a much stronger <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nzqa.govt.nz\/providers-partners\/assessment-and-moderation-of-standards\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">system of moderation<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The NZQA external<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nzqa.govt.nz\/providers-partners\/assessment-and-moderation-of-standards\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">moderation<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u201cprovides assurance that assessment decisions are consistent with the national standard\u201d across all schools. They strengthened the moderation strategies for internal assessments with ongoing sampling of student work. Schools and teachers receive feedback if situations in which the determination of achievement is either too low or too high. They expanded the capacity of professional moderators who review student work for internal assessment and grade the external assessments. It\u2019s easy to jump to the conclusion that this is too expensive for a state to do. However, think about the cost and effectiveness of accountability testing, our policy choice for quality assurance. Couldn\u2019t a state direct resources toward moderation capacity rather than testing? <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is probably one of the most important lessons for the U.S., as variability has been a driving force behind the standards and accountability policies. We turned to assessments to inform accountability policies while leaving schools to manage the harmful by-products: instruction driven by policy rather than being student-centered; labeling of students and schools; shame and blame; and a culture of fear. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">~~~<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.conversation.education.govt.nz\/conversations\/ncea-have-your-say\/themes\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NCEA is currently under review<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Stay tuned for the changes Aotearoa New Zealand will make in fine tuning its system of credentialing learning. In the next and final article on New Zealand on CompetencyWorks (the series will continue on <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.learningedge.me\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LearningEdge<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in 2019), I will offer my reflections on New Zealand\u2019s system and opportunities for states to revise their education systems.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Read the Entire Series:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"title\">Part 1 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.competencyworks.org\/case-study\/snaps-from-aotearoa-new-zealand\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Snaps from Aotearoa New Zealand<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"title\">Part 2 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.competencyworks.org\/case-study\/why-new-zealand\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Why New Zealand? A Primer on the NZ Education System<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Part 3 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.competencyworks.org\/?p=19071\">Pt. England Primary: Making Sense of the New Zealand Curriculum<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Part 4 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.competencyworks.org\/?p=19067\">Pt. England Primary: Creating a Culture of Respect, Belonging and Learning<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Part 5 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.competencyworks.org\/?p=19078\">Pt. England Primary: Manaiakalani, The Hook from Heaven<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Part 6 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.competencyworks.org\/?p=19138\" rel=\"bookmark\">Pt. England Primary: Understanding Where Students Are<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Part 7 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.competencyworks.org\/?p=19160\" rel=\"bookmark\">Pt. England Primary: Gifting Language<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Part 8 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.competencyworks.org\/?p=19164\" rel=\"bookmark\">The Cherry or the Orchard<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Part 9 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.competencyworks.org\/?p=19219\" rel=\"bookmark\">Insights from Aotearoa New Zealand: Defining Lifelong Learning<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Part 10 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.competencyworks.org\/?p=19268\" rel=\"bookmark\">Insights from Aotearoa New Zealand: Key Competencies<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Part 11 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.competencyworks.org\/?p=19282\" rel=\"bookmark\">Insights from Aotearoa New Zealand: Credentialing Learning<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Part 12 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.competencyworks.org\/?p=19287\" rel=\"bookmark\">Insights from Aotearoa New Zealand: NCEA<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Part 13 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.competencyworks.org\/?p=19296\" rel=\"bookmark\">How Competency-Based is New Zealand?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","mapsvg_location":""},"legacy_category":[],"issue":[368,371],"location":[141],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - 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