Assessment is essential for students and educators to provide multiple forms of evidence of student learning. Under ESSA, states now have increased flexibility to redesign their systems of assessments to better align to student-centered learning, allowing educators to focus on meeting students where they are so all can flourish. Balanced systems of assessments give educators the tools to check for understanding in real time, to track student progress, to design personalized interventions, and to assess mastery of standards and competencies in fair and transparent ways. Developing and supporting educator assessment literacy are essential.